Thousands of South Asians and Southeast Asians pour into Japan and the newly industrialized countries (NICs) in search of work each year. Labour migration is a world phenomenon, but national governments have failed to respond and even people's movements have not formulated coherent perspectives and agendas.
Almost a decade ago, thousands of people died painful deaths when the Union Carbide pesticide factory in Bhopal leaked poisonous gas. The death toll in the world’s worst industrial disaster has reached 16,000 people while half a million more were stricken with incurable illnesses.
As expected, United States President Bill Clinton finally backed down on his pressure on China through the magical Most Favoured Nation diplomacy. China appears to be the victor of this international game. It seems that the Chinese government intended to deliberately embarrass President Clinton by arresting a number of alleged labour activists just prior to the deadline of the MFN renewal.
Since the “green revolution," structural adjustment schemes have been prioritised by institutions such as the World Bank and International Monetary Fund as suitable measures to provide advantageous solutions to Third World economic and growth management obstacles. The effects of structural adjustment are by no means uniformly beneficial.
After a decade of promoting foreign investment, Thailand now proclaims itself as Asia’s fifth economic ‘dragon’. Since 1991, the country’s annual GDP growth has been above 7%. For many third-world countries, Thailand’s success story reaffirms the paradigm of the ‘‘NIC’’ model of capitalist development in Asia.
Privatisation and ‘‘structural adjustment’’ will be a common phenomenon in two of the largest economies in Asia, China, and India. Presently these two countries are undergoing ambitious economic reforms based on creating a dynamic market economy. Often there is insufficient or callous attention to workers’ interests when the planners of these policies implement the so-called “‘reforms’’.
As industrialisation spreads across Asia, waste and toxic hazards accumulate at a disturbing rate and pose a major threat. Many developed nations partially relieve themselves of the burden of toxic waste by exporting undesirable industries and processes to less-industrialised and less-regulated countries. The “grow now, clean up later” approach to development in Asia has established an environmental menace that may haunt the region for decades to come.